Archivo del foro de PucelaBits del Friday November 17, 2023.

El TPP hace ilegales las licencias de software libre

adrm

Hace unas horas se ha publicado el texto del hasta hace poco secreto TPP, un tratado de libre comercio entre varios gobiernos transatlánticos, incluyendo EEUU, Japón o Australia.

Entre otras cosas, hace poco se ha destacado lo siguiente:

http://lists.linux.org.au/pipermail/linux-aus/2015-November/022243.html

Si veis el enlace, veréis que la aprobación de este tratado conllevaría a la invalidación legal de todas las licencias de software libre, cargándose por completo todo un ecosistema basado en este tipo de licencias. También lo podéis ver en este PDF del gobierno de Nueva Zelanda, otra de las partes del acuerdo (Artículo 14.17) http://www.mfat.govt.nz/downloads/trade-agreement/transpacific/TPP-text/14.%20Electronic%20Commerce%20Chapter.pdf

diego.fidalgo

Uff… Espero que no sea cierto, vaya. He leído un poco el contenido del pdf, (la sección pegada en http://lists.linux.org.au/pipermail/linux-aus/2015-November/022243.html) y no entiendo bien -es decir, se explica muy poco.

nukeador

Lo que dice el artículo:

Article 14.17: Source Code

  1. No Party shall require the transfer of, or access to, source code of
    software owned by a person of another Party, as a condition for the
    import, distribution, sale or use of such software, or of products
    containing such software, in its territory.
  1. For the purposes of this Article, software subject to paragraph 1 is
    limited to mass-market software or products containing such software and
    does not include software used for critical infrastructure.
  1. Nothing in this Article shall preclude:
    (a) the inclusion or implementation of terms and conditions related to
    the provision of source code in commercially negotiated contracts; or
    (b) a Party from requiring the modification of source code of software
    necessary for that software to comply with laws or regulations which are
    not inconsistent with this Agreement.
  1. This Article shall not be construed to affect requirements that
    relate to patent applications or granted patents, including any orders
    made by a judicial authority in relation to patent disputes, subject to
    safeguards against unauthorised disclosure under the law or practice of a
    Party.

Lo que entiendo es que no se podría forzar a empresas a que liberen o muestren su código, aunque la licencia les obligue. Esto es, podrían usar código GPL, modificarlo y nunca liberar los cambios.

Aunque esto huele a que muchos estados piden a cierta empresa que fabrica cierto sistema operativo a que les muestre el código (o parte de él) para asegurarse que no hay cosas raras y lo pueden implementar en sus gobiernos, y con esto se blindarían.

adrm

La FSF se ha pronunciado respecto este tema. Afirman que no invalidaría la GPL, pero sigue estando totalmente en contra del TPP en general y de este apartado que comentamos en particular:

https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/time-to-act-on-tpp-is-now-rallies-against-tpp-in-washington-d-c-november-14-18

One big reveal from the final publication was the addition of the
Electronic Commerce chapter, which was not previously leaked. The
chapter contains provisions similar to those found in the Trade in
Services Agreement (TISA) that we wrote about previously. TPP
requires that “No Party shall require the transfer of, or access to,
source code of software owned by a person of another Party, as a
condition for the import, distribution, sale or use of such software,
or of products containing such software, in its territory.” While
government procurement is exempted from this rule under TPP (“This
Chapter shall not apply to … government procurement”), it would
still mean that member countries could not pass a law requiring that
imported consumer devices come with source code. The regulation would
not affect freely licensed software, such as software under the GPL,
that already comes with its own conditions ensuring users receive
source code. Such licenses are grants of permission from the copyright
holders on the work, who are not a “Party” to TPP. But even if the
rule is limited, it is clearly an attack on the sharing of software
and government policies to encourage it. This is yet another reason
why we must stop TPP.